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Graphics formats
Graphics Formats
There are many types of graphics which may be required to appear on screen. Listed below are some of the main types of graphics which are used. All of these need to be created, timed or triggered, inserted into picture and then removed. Using one insertion device to do some or all of these can reduce cost, system complexity and support time.
Subtitles
Where subtitles are added directly into the video image before transmission they are referred to as Open or Burn-in. They become a permanent part of the video image and can't be removed.
Open subtitles are similar to other graphics except they are precisely timed and updated regularly.
Static logos
Static logos or Bugs are usually small graphics that are used to brand a channel, program, style or indicate the content type.
Logos tend to remain on screen for long periods.
Animated logos
Animated logos or Bugs are usually small graphics that repeat a sequence of movement. The repetition can be continuous, as in a spinning globe, or once only as in revealing a station name.
Text and Graphics
Text and associated graphics (as distinct from subtitles) have a range of uses such as breaking news, up coming program listings, sports scores and tornado warnings.
Insertion can be triggered manually or by an automation system depending on the application.
Scrolls
A scroll is where text or graphics moves smoothly up or down the screen. The scroll can cover some or all of the screen and can scroll out of sight or stop once in position. The most common example of a scroll is film credits at the end of a movie.
Tickers
A ticker is in effect a horizontal scroll. Although a ticker can be on any part of the screen and can have a transparent or solid background they are most often used at the bottom of the screen. Common uses for tickers are news, sport and stock market data.
The information for the tickers can be entered manually or retrieved from a database of news feed.
Clocks
Clocks are yet another graphics object and can be created in a wide range of digital and analogue styles. Clocks can be time of day, count up or count down.
By inserting clocks at remote sites it is possible to brand channels in different time zones using a single video feed.
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